Which of the following is a standard exception on a title commitment?

In the context of title insurance, a standard exception on a title commitment typically refers to issues or risks that insurers will exclude from coverage. These exceptions reflect common issues that may arise in property title searches and affect the insurer's willingness to provide coverage for certain risks.

Encroachments and boundary line disputes are considered standard exceptions because they commonly affect property ownership and use. Such issues can arise when there are disagreements over property lines, or when a neighboring property physically intrudes on the subject property (e.g., a fence or building that extends onto another lot). These types of disputes can lead to legal challenges and claims, hence title insurance companies often exclude them from coverage, acknowledging the risk that ownership might not be as clear-cut as presumed.

In contrast, other options such as defective judicial proceedings and actions arising from governmental police powers can lead to uncertainties but are less frequently classified as standard exceptions. The reason for this classification is that they relate more to actions taken by governmental entities that do not directly reflect on the physical boundaries or legal status of the property itself. Similarly, documents executed under a false power of attorney may indicate fraud but are also not standard exceptions due to the nature and complexity of such claims, which are typically handled differently within title commitments.

Thus,