What term describes the situation when a person dies without a will?

The term that describes the situation when a person dies without a will is "intestate." In legal terms, intestacy refers to the condition of an estate when someone passes away without leaving a valid will. This situation triggers state intestacy laws, which dictate how the deceased’s assets will be distributed among their heirs. The distribution often follows a predetermined order, typically prioritizing spouses, children, parents, and other relatives, depending on the state’s specific laws.

Understanding intestacy is crucial in the context of estate planning and title insurance because it can affect the transfer of real property. When property is involved, the absence of a will complicates matters for potential heirs, as the court must appoint an administrator to oversee the estate's settlement and distribution.

The other terms listed do not pertain to the situation of dying without a will. "Escheats" refers to the process by which the state claims property when there are no heirs, "codicil" is an amendment or addition to a will, and "self-proved" relates to a will that has been validated without the need for further proof at the probate stage. Understanding these distinctions reinforces the importance of having a valid will to ensure one's wishes are followed after death.